MicroRNAs como biomarcadores de diagnóstico temprano en aterosclerosis
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https://doi.org/10.59169/pentaciencias.v5i5.757Palabras clave:
enfermedad cardiovascular, fisiopatología, predictores diagnósticos, dianas terapéuticasResumen
La ateroesclerosis es una patología multifactorial de progreso lento y silente en el que intervienen las células endoteliales, células musculares lisas vasculares, adipocitos, células inflamatorias y el flujo sanguíneo. Los microRNAs (miRNAs) son reguladores esenciales de las vías metabólicas inmersas en el desarrollo de esta patología por lo que se consideran potenciales predictores de severidad y dianas terapéuticas. El objetivo de este estudio es recopilar información actualizada que permita entender el rol de los miRNAs en cada uno de los componentes de la fisiopatología de la aterosclerosis, así como su utilidad como marcador en el diagnóstico temprano de la aterosclerosis. La inhibición o sobreexpresión de los miRNAs- involucrados determinan la evolución de esta patología, desde su inicio, progreso y regresión. Varios estudios confirman su expresión en cada línea celular y tejido inmerso en la fisiopatología de la aterosclerosis, no obstante, es necesario establecer relaciones entre su expresión in situ y en sangre periférica, su sensibilidad y especificidad para determinar su viabilidad en la práctica clínica.
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