Risk analysis and best practices in occupational health and safety in SMEs in Portoviejo, Manabí, Ecuador

Abstract

Occupational health and safety (OHS) is essential for business sustainability and the overall well-being of workers. Small and medium-sized enterprises in Portoviejo have experienced significant limitations in preventive management, leading to greater vulnerability to occupational hazards. The objective of this study was to evaluate OHS conditions in SMEs in the commerce, manufacturing, and services sectors, identifying prevalent risks, levels of regulatory compliance, and implemented best practices. A descriptive, cross-sectional, mixed-method field research was conducted. Surveys were administered to 20 managers and 80 workers, and interviews were conducted with specialists. Quantitative data were processed in SPSS, and qualitative data were analyzed with Atlas. The results show that only 30% of respondents are aware of current regulations, 20% of companies have safety committees, and 50% report workplace accidents, although without standardization. The most frequent risks were ergonomic (40%), physical (25%), and psychosocial (20%). Regarding best practices, 52% of companies report the use of personal protective equipment, 45% signage of risk areas, and only 10% provide regular training. In conclusion, OSH management in SMEs in Portoviejo is insufficient and lacks a comprehensive preventive approach. Therefore, strengthening training, ensuring regulatory compliance, and promoting a culture of prevention are recommended.