Miología veterinaria: avances recientes en la estructura, función y aplicaciones del sistema muscular en animales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59169/pentaciencias.v8i3.1850Palabras clave:
músculo esquelético; anatomía comparada; electromiografía; imagenología diagnóstica; transcriptómicaResumen
La miología veterinaria ha superado su enfoque descriptivo al integrar anatomía comparada, histología, biomecánica, imagenología diagnóstica, electrofisiología y ciencias ómicas. Sin embargo, la evidencia reciente permanece dispersa entre la clínica, la producción animal, la patología forense y la ingeniería de tejidos. El objetivo fue analizar los avances publicados entre enero de 2021 y junio de 2026 sobre la estructura, función y aplicaciones del músculo esquelético en animales, e identificar brechas metodológicas y de conocimiento que limitan su transferencia. Se realizó una revisión sistemática guiada por directrices internacionales de reporte en Scopus y PubMed/MEDLINE. De 74 registros identificados, 26 estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La síntesis cualitativa se organizó en nueve ejes: anatomía comparada, regulación molecular, evaluación funcional, imagenología, aplicaciones clínicas, medicina regenerativa, patología forense, producción animal y educación anatómica. Los hallazgos evidenciaron un campo traslacional y multidisciplinario, pero con heterogeneidad entre especies, protocolos y desenlaces. Se concluye que el progreso práctico requiere protocolos específicos por especie, valores de referencia validados, estudios longitudinales, validación externa de biomarcadores e integración de los hallazgos anatómicos y funcionales con los desenlaces clínicos o productivos.
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